Controlled adhesion strip

ABSTRACT

An adhesive strip is described which comprises 
     (A) a polymer backing sheet material; 
     (B) a controlled adhesion coating on one surface of said sheet material, said coating comprising a radiation-cured mixture comprising 
     (B-1) a major amount of at least one acrylate oligomer selected from amine acrylate oligomers, epoxy acrylate oligomers, urethane acrylate oligomers and acrylic acrylate oligomers, and 
     (B-2) a minor amount of at least one monomer selected from monofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctional acrylate monomers, and 
     (C) an adhesive on the other surface of said sheet material. 
     Articles such as disposable diapers also are described which utilize the strip as a target strip or landing zone for pressure-sensitive adhesive fastening tabs when the diaper is fastened around the body.

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 08/550,279, filed Oct. 30, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,720,739,which was a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/415,154, filedMar. 31, 1995, now abandoned, which was a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 08/205,707, filed Mar. 3, 1994, now abandoned. Thedisclosures in these prior applications are incorporated by referenceherein in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to adhesive strips. More particularly, theinvention relates to multi-layer strips suitable for use as reinforcingtarget strips on articles such as diapers, and diapers having areinforced area for receiving adhesive fastening tapes.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to adhesive strips, and more particularly,to the art of disposable diapers that have a reinforced fastening area,i.e., the area of the diaper to which an adhesive tape is pressed tofasten the diaper around an infant or other person. The adhesivefastening tape is formulated to be sufficiently tacky to hold the tapesecurely in place while in storage, and to insure against undesirablerelease once a diaper is put on an infant.

Disposable garments such as diapers generally comprise a liquidpermeable inner layer, a liquid impermeable out layer or back sheet andan absorbent batt secured between the liner and backing sheet. The innerliner may be any soft, flexible, porous sheet through which fluid maypass, and the inner liner may be comprised of a non-woven web or sheetof polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene, wet strength tissue paper, aspun-woven filament sheet, etc. The liquid impermeable outer sheet maybe comprised of a thin web or sheet of polyolefin or plastic filmmaterial such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, etc.The absorbent batt may be comprised of any suitable absorbent material.Typically, the batt is comprised of a cellulosic material, such asair-formed batt of wood pulp fiber commonly known as "fluff."

The fastener tape closure systems used in disposable articles such asdiapers include a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape tab attached atselected locations of the article such as at each of the two cornerslocated at one end of the diaper. The unattached portions of theadhesive fastener tape tabs are configured to adhesively engage with theouter layer of the article at locations on other portions of thearticle. For example, the attachment zones for the fastening tape tabsare typically located at the opposite end of a diaper.

Releasable and refastenable tape tabs and tape tab closure systems aredesired to allow the articles such as a diaper to be removed andrefitted. For example, it often is desired to loosen or remove thediaper to determine if it is wet or to remove the diaper to bathe theinfant. If the diaper has not been soiled, it can be reused.

The adhesive tape tabs employed tl fasten a diaper in a closed position,however, have to be fairly aggressive to provide an adhesive bondadequate to secure the waist portions of the diaper together. Theadhesive bond strength generally is greater than the tensile strengthand tear resistance of the materials comprising the impermeable outerlayer or backing sheet. As a result, when the fastening tape tab isreleased or peeled from the diaper, the outer layer or backing sheet maytear away from the diaper whereby the diaper cannot be reused becausethe fastening tape cannot be reused. This problem occurs in part becausethe outer layer generally is a thin film of polymer material to reducethe weight and the cost of the disposable article. Therefore, whenattempts are made to remove or reposition the adhesive fastening tapetab, the forces applied are sufficient to tear the outer polymer film ofthe diaper.

Various attempts have been made to provide releasable and reusablefastening tapes and tape closure systems. For example, attempts havebeen made to modify the aggressiveness or bonding strength of theadhesive used to form the adhesive tape. Another solution to thisproblem would be to use thicker, stronger and more tear-resistantmaterials as the outer layer, but this solution significantly raises thecost of the article increase the weight of the article and generallydecreases softness and flexibility of the garment.

Proposals have been made to resolve these problems by reinforcing thearea of the article which receives the adhesive fastening or closuretape. This area of the diaper to which the fastening tape is bonded whenthe diaper is applied is referred to in the industry as the "targetzone" or "landing zone." In U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,730, the landing zone ofthe outer layer of a diaper is reinforced by coating that area of theouter layer (i.e., the area ultimately receiving the adhesive closuretape) with a layer of material that is curable by high-energy radiation.The cured coating forms a reinforcement layer affixed to the outer layerof the article. The radiation-curable compositions include at least onecompound selected from the group consisting of urethane acrylate acrylicoligomers, acrylated acrylic oligomers and epoxy acrylate acrylicoligomers. The compositions also may contain monofunctional acrylatemonomers, difunctional acrylate monomers, acrylic monomers andtrifunctional acrylate monomers.

U.K. Patent 2,129,689 describes diapers which are provided with anon-elastic plastic strip in the region for fastening the tape tabs. Theplastic strips are typically polyester, polyethylene, or polypropylenehaving a tear strength greater than the outer layer of the diaper. Sincethe plastic strip is non-elastic, there is no stretching when thefastening tab is removed from the strip.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,190 (Wood et al) discloses the use of a bilayer filmas a reinforcing film for the outer layer of disposable diapers. Thebilayer film comprises a reinforcing layer and a room temperaturenon-tacky bonding layer which will soften and bond at comparatively lowtemperatures of less tand about 115-120° C. Because the adhesive isnon-tacky at room temperature (non-blocking), the bilayer film iswindable into a storage roll in which under normal storage conditions ofabout 50-60° C. or less, the over-lying portions of the bilayer film donot become adhered together so as to resist uniform low-force unwinding.When applied to a substrate (such as a diaper) and subjected to heat andpressure, the bilayer film is bonded to the substrate in apeel-resistant manner so that the adhesive fastening tape tabs may bestrongly adhered to the fastening area by simple hand pressure and heldto the diaper without cohesive or other failure of the reinforcedportion of the diaper. In addition, the patentees suggest that thefastening tape tabs may be removed and reapplied without distortion ortearing of the outer layer of the diaper.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,026,446 (Johnston et al) describes disposable diapershaving target strips wherein the target strips are cut from apressure-sensitive adhesive tape. The tape has a backing that has alow-adhesion backsize coating on its non-adhesive face, and at leastpart, but not all, of the low-adhesion backsize coating is removed withan abrasive to improve the adhesion thereof to pressure-sensitiveadhesive tape tabs. A number of low-adhesion backsize coatings aredescribed in Col. 2, and these include urethane backsizes as describedin U.S. Pat. No. 2,532,011; fluorochemical backsizes such asfluorochemical acrylates as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,480, andultraviolet light curable silicone backsizes such as described in U.S.Pat. No. 4,530,879. At least 20% of the backsize coating is removed bythe abrasive strip.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,383 (Mulder et al) describes disposable articlessuch as diapers containing a closure system comprising a film substratehaving a target strip and a fastening tape. The target strip comprises abacking film having a first pressure-sensitive adhesive on one facethereof adhered to the film substrate, and on the other face thereof, ahydrophobic polyvinyl carbamate release coating. The fastening tape tabshave a pressure-sensitive adhesive on one face thereof for adhesion tothe target strip. The target strip release coating is subjected toionizing plasma treatment such that the fastening tape has an increasein adhesion to the target strip of at least about 50% over untreatedtarget strips.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An adhesive strip is described which comprises

(A) a polymer backing sheet material;

(B) a controlled adhesion coating on one surface of said sheet material,said coating comprising a radiation-cured mixture comprising

(B-1) a major amount of at least one acrylate oligomer selected fromamine acrylate oligomers, epoxy acrylate oligomers, urethane acrylateoligomers and acrylic acrylate oligomers, and

(B-2) a minor amount of at least one monomer selected frommonofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctional acrylate monomers,and

(C) an adhesive on the other surface of said sheet material. Articlessuch as disposable diapers also are described which utilize the strip asa target strip or landing zone for pressure-sensitive adhesive fasteningtabs when the diaper is fastened around the body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective and cross-sectional view of a roll of theadhesive strip of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a disposable diaper in accordance with theinvention; and

FIG. 3 is a view of the disposable diaper of FIG. 2 in closed position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present invention is an adhesive strip comprising

(A) a polymeric backing sheet material;

(B) a controlled adhesion coating on one surface of said sheet material;and

(C) an adhesive on the other surface of said sheet material.

A variety of materials can be used to provide the polymer backing sheetmaterial of the strips of this invention. Particularly when the strip isto be used to reinforce another material, the backing sheet materialshould have a high strength which is typically higher than the materialwhich is to be reinforced by the strip. The strength may be controlledthrough the use of higii strength materials and/or through the use ofgreater thicknesses of materials. Typically, the polymer backing sheetmaterial will comprise high-strength thermoplastic materials such aspolyesters or polyolefins which may be cast or oriented. Examples ofpolyester materials include polyethylene terephthalate and polybutyleneterephthalate films. Examples of polyolefins include polyethylene,polypropylene, and copolymers of ethylene and polypropylene. In oneembodiment, the polymer backing sheet comprises a biaxially orientedpolypropylene film and in another embodiment, biaxially orientedpolyethylene terephthalate film. The polymer backing sheet material usedin the strips of the invention may have a matte or glossy finish and/ora smooth or irregular surface (e.g., embossed). Typically the thicknessof the polymer backing sheet is between about 10 and 75 micrometers, andmore often from about 15 to about 50 micrometers.

A controlled adhesion coating (B) is present on one surface of thepolymeric backing sheet material (A) of the reinforcing strip to control(improve) the adhesion of, for example, pressure-sensitive adhesivefastening tape tabs to the target strip while allowing the tape tabs tobe easily removed and refastened when desired. The adhesioncharacteristics can be controlled (adjusted) by varying the componentsand amount of components in the curable composition used to form the"controlled adhesion" coating (B). The controlled adhesion coatinggenerally comprises a radiation-cured mixture comprising

(B-1) a major amount of at least one oligomer selected from amineacrylate oligomers, epoxy acrylate oligomers, urethane acrylateoligomers and acrylic acrylate oligomers, and

(B-2) a minor amount of at least one monomer selected frommonofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctional acrylate monomers.

Higher adhesive strength is obtained when the mixture contains a lesseror no amount of the monofunctional acrylate monomer, and the adhesivestrength can be reduced as desired by including increasing amounts ofthe monofunctional acrylate monomer.

The oligomers (B-1) comprise reactive molecules with a "backbone"structure. The molecular weights of the oligomers utilized in thecontrolled adhesion compositions may be selected to provide desirableproperties such as increased flexibility, hardness, etc., in the curedcoating. For example, a higher molecular weight urethane acrylateoligomer provides greater flexibility in the cured coating. Theoligomers used in the present invention will have molecular weights inthe range of from about 500 to about 6000 as described more fully below.

The amine acrylate oligomers can be obtained by reaction of anorganopolyamino compound with acrylic acid, methacrylic or ethacrylicacid. Thus, the amine acrylate oligomers contain at least two acrylyl,methacrylyl or ethacrylyl a groups which form a network uponpolymerization (curing). The acrylated organic polyamino oligomersuseful in the controlled adhesion coating include compounds representedby the general formula

    R--(--C(O)--C(X)═CH.sub.2).sub.n                       (I)

wherein R is derived from a polyamine, X is hydrogen, or a methyl orethyl group, preferably hydrogen or methyl, and n is an integer of atleast 2 and is preferably 2, 3 or 4. The polyamines may be monomericcompounds such as ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine,1,4-butanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, dimethylenetriamine,dipropylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, etc. The polyamines also maybe oligomeric compounds such as dimeric, trimeric or tetramericpolyamino compounds. The acrylated and methacrylated organic polyaminooligomers used in the controlled adhesion coating and generallyrepresented by the above Formula I may be prepared by techniques wellknown to those skilled in the art such as by the reaction of a polyaminecompound with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in amounts to provide thedesired di-, tri, tetra-, or polyacrylated product. The molecularweights of the acrylated and methacrylated polyamine oligomers may be ashigh as 2000 and are generally below about 1200. In one embodiment, themolecular weight of the acrylated and methacrylated polyamines is withinthe range of from about 500 to about 1000. It is preferred that theseacrylated and methacrylated polyamine oligomers are liquids so that theymay be readily blended with the acrylated polyhydroxy compounds utilizedin the controlled adhesion coating. In general, the acrylated andmethacrylated polyamine oligomers may have viscosities at 25° C. of fromabout 2 to about 2500 cps., preferably, from about 50 to about 2000cps., and more preferably between about 400 and about 2000 cps.

Specific examples of acrylated or methacrylated organic polyaminooligomers include, for example, N,N'-diacrylylethylenediamine,N,N'-diacrylyl-1,3-propanediamine, N,N'-dimethacrylyl-1,6-hexanediamine,etc. Useful acrylated and methacrylated polyamino oligomers areavailable commercially. An example of a commercially available acrylatedamine product is Novacure® 7100, an acrylated amine oligomer availablefrom UCB Radcure, Atlanta, Ga. This acrylate functional oligomeric amineis a liquid having a viscosity in the range of 500-1500 cps at 25° C.and theoretical molecular weight of 800, and the oligomer contains lessthan 10% of hexanedioldiacrylate added by the manufacturer as aviscosity control agent.

The acrylate oligomer utilized in the controlled adhesion coatings ofthe present invention also may be a urethane acrylate oligomer whosestructure may be generally characterized as follows:

    Prepolymer[OC(O)N(H)--C.sub.6 H.sub.3 (CH.sub.3)--N(H)C(O)--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m OC(O)CH═CH.sub.2 ].sub.2(II)

wherein m is an integer from 1 to about 10, generally from 1 to 4. Inone embodiment, the prepolymer is illustrated by the formula

    --(EG--ADA).sub.3n --EG--TDI--                             (IIA)

wherein EG is ethylene glycol, ADA is adipic acid, and TDI is toluenedilsocyanate. In one example of the above oligomers, the molecularweight is between about 1000 and 6000 (by varying the values of m andn). As the molecular weight increases, (i.e., the values of m and nincrease) the molecular chain length between the two end acrylate groupsincreases. An increase in the lower molecular weight range generally isachieved by an increase in the soft polyester segment (increasing m) upto about a molecular weight of about 4800. Further increase in themolecular weight (to about 6000) is achieved primarily by increasing theurethane segment (increasing value of n). Urethane acrylic oligomers andoligomer/monomer mixtures are described by W. Oraby and W. K. Walsh,"Elastomeric Electron Beam-Cured Coatings: Structure-PropertyRelationships. I. Oligomer Structure," Journal of Applied PolymerScience, Vol. 23, pages 3227-3242 (1979), and this publication is herebyincorporated by reference for its disclosure of urethane acrylateoligomers.

Suitable urethane acrylate oligomers are commercially available undersuch designations as Chempol 19-4827 which is available from Radcure,Inc., Port Washington, Wis. This oligomer is a 100% solids, generalpurpose acrylated aromatic urethane which may be cured by exposure ofeither ultraviolet light or electron beam radiation. The molecularweight of this oligomer is about 1500. Urethane acrylate oligomers alsoare available from Morton Thiokol under the designations Uvithane 782and Uvithane 783.

The acrylate oligomers useful in the present invention also may be epoxyacrylate oligomers such as the following oligomer represented by FormulaIII

    (CH.sub.3).sub.2 C--[C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH═CH.sub.2 ].sub.2                              (III)

and the acrylic acrylate oligomers may be represented by the followingFormula IV

    Acrylic polymer [--CH(OH)CH.sub.2 OC(O)CH═CH.sub.2 ].sub.2(IV)

A commercially available example of an epoxy acrylate oligomer isNovacure® 3600, and a commercially available acrylic acrylate polymer isNovacure® 6700, both of which are available from UCB Radcure, Atlanta,Ga.

The second essential component of the radiation-curable mixture used toform the controlled adhesion coating (B) is (B-2) at least one monomerselected from monofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctionalacrylate monomers. In general these monomers are acrylated ormethacrylated organic mono- and polyhydroxy compounds. These derivativescontain at least one acryloyl or methacryloyl group and preferably twoacryloyl or methacryloyl groups in order to form a network uponpolymerization (curing). These derivatives also function as reactivediluents for the oligomers. Suitable compounds include compoundsrepresented by the general Formula V

    R--(--C(O)--C(X)═CH.sub.2).sub.n                       (V)

wherein R is derived from a monohydroxy or polyhydroxy compound, X ishydrogen or a methyl or ethyl group, and n is an integer of at least 1.Preferably R is derived from a polyhydroxy compound, X is hydrogen or amethyl group, and n is 2, 3 or 4.

The acrylated organic mono- and polyhydroxy compounds (B-2) useful inthe coating (B) and represented by the general Formula V may be preparedby techniques well known to those skilled in the art such as by thereaction of a hydroxy compound with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid orethacrylic in amounts to provide the desired acrylated or polyacrylatedproduct which is preferably a di-, tri-, or tetra-acrylated product. Themolecular weights of the acrylated and methacrylated mono- andpolyhydroxy monomers may be as high as 1200 and are generally below1000. In one embodiment, the molecular weight of these monomers isbetween about 100 to about 1000. It is preferred that these acrylatedand methacrylated mono- and polyhydroxy compounds are liquids which arenot too viscous so that they can readily be blended with the oligomers(B-1) described above and may be used in part to reduce the viscosity ofthe mixture containing the oligomer. In general, these compounds mayhave viscosities at 25° C. at fom about 2 to about 1000 cps., preferablyfrom about 2 to about 500 cps., and more preferably between about 2 and300 cps.

The acrylated and methacrylated monohydroxy compounds are generallyderived from alcohols containing 6 or more carbon atoms, and thesecompounds are exemplified by hexyl acrylate 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2BHA)hexyl methacrylate, octyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, decyl methacrylate,and mixtures thereof.

The polyfunctional compounds containing at least two hydroxyl groups maybe monomeric polyhydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentylglycol, trimethylolpropane,pentaerythritol, etc. The polyfunctional compounds containing two ormore hydroxyl groups also may be oligomeric compounds such as dimeric,trimeric or tetrameric polyhydroxy compounds.

Specific examples of acrylated and methacrylated organic polyhydroxycompounds include, for example, glycerol diacrylate, diethylene glycoldiacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA), triethylene glycoldiacrylate (TEGDA), trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), neopentylglycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol triacrylate, neopentyl glycoltetraacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TRPGDA), 1,6-hexanedioldimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, etc.

The radiation-curable mixtures which are used to form the controlledadhesion coating (B) generally comprise (i) from about 60% to about 95%by weight of at least one acrylated or methacrylated oligomer (B-1) and(ii) from about 5% to about 40% by weight of at least one acrylatedorganic mono- or polyhydroxy compound (B-2) as described above. Inanother embodiment, the radiation-curable mixtures used to form thecontrolled adhesion coating comprises (i) from 70% to about 95% of theacrylated or methacrylated oligomer (B-1), and (ii) from about 5% toabout 30% by weight of at least one acrylated or methacrylated organicmono- or polyhydroxy compound (B-2).

When the radiation-curable acrylic mixture used to form the controlledadhesion coating is to be cured by exposure to non-ionizing radiationsuch as ultraviolet light, at least one photoinitiator is included inthe curable composition in amounts of from about 0.5 to about 5% or evenup to about 10% based on the total weight of the radiation-curablecomposition. Photoinitiators are not required when the radiation-curablecomposition is cured by electron beam radiation. Examples ofphotoinitiators which may be used in combination with ultraviolet lightincludes, for example, benzil ketals, benzoin ethers, acetophenonederivatives, ketoxime ethers, benzophenone, benzo or thioxanthones, etc.Specific examples of photoinitiators include: 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone;2- or 3- or 4-bromoacetophenone; benzoin; benzophenone; benzoquinone;1-chloroanthroquinone; p-diacetyl-benzene; 9,10-dibromoanthracene;1,3-diphenyl-2-propanone; 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone,1,4-naphthyl-phenyl ketone; 2,3-pentenedione; propiophenone;chlorothioxanthone; xanthone; and mixtures thereof.

The radiation-curable compositions used to form the controlled adhesioncoating are prepared by mixing the above-described components. Thecomponents may be mixed at room temperature with stirring, and mildheating may be employed in some instances to facilitate mixing. Sincethe components of the composition may undergo some separation duringstorage, mild agitation or mixing just prior to use is effective toredisperse the components and is recommended.

The controlled adhesion coating (B) which is bonded to one surface ofthe polymeric backing sheet material (A) is obtained by applying theradiation-curable acrylic mixture to one surface of the backing sheetprior to curing. The acrylic mixtures may be applied to the backingsheet as a coating by any conventional means known in the coating artsuch as by roller coating, curtain coating, brushing, spraying, reverseroll coating, doctor knife, dipping, offset gravure, etc. In oneparticular embodiment, the liquid radiation-curable acrylic mixture isapplied to the backing sheet using offset gravure techniques. The liquidbeing applied to the backing sheet may be heated or cooled to facilitatethe coating process and to alter the depth of penetration of the liquidinto the backing sheet prior to curing.

The amount of the radiation-curable mixture (B) applied to the onesurface of the backing sheet (A) may be varied depending uponcharacteristics desired to be imparted to the substrate and theparticular formulation of the curable mixture. If an excess of thecoating composition is applied to the substrate, the physicalcharacteristics of the substrates may be affected in an undesirablemanner. Also, for economic reasons, it is normally desired to apply thelowest amount of coating to obtain the desired results. Typically, theapplied coating weights may, depending on the substrate and intendeduse, range from about 0.02 to about 2.0 grams/m². More often, appliedcoating weights are from about 0.10 to about 1.5 or about 0.3 to 1.0grams/m². At these levels, the coated backing sheet is characterized ashaving increased dimensional stability, increased strength, increasedthermal stability increased resistance to solvents and moisture, andimproved printability.

The backing sheets containing the controlled adhesion acrylic mixture asdescribed above can be cured by exposure to known forms of ionizing oractinic non-ionizing radiation. Useful types of radiation includeultraviolet light, electron beam, x-ray, gamma-ray, beta-ray, etc. Ifultraviolet light is to be used as the form of radiation, aphotoinitiator such as described above is included in the curablerelease composition. Photoinitiators are not required for election beamcuring. One of the advantages of using radiation to effect cure of themixture is that polymerization takes place rapidly at ambienttemperature, and heating is not necessary. The equipment for generatingthese forms of radiation are well known to those skilled in the art.Electron beam radiation is the presently preferred form of radiation tobe used with the compositions of the present invention.

Curing of the controlled adhesion mixture can be effected in acontinuous manner by passing the coated backing sheet through radiationequipment which is designed to provide the coated backing sheet withsufficient residence time to complete the cure of the coating. Curingmay be effected in an air atmosphere or in an inert atmosphere such asnitrogen or argon. An inert atmosphere is preferred. The length ofexposure necessary to cure the acrylic mixtures varies with such factorsas the particular formulation used, type and wavelength of radiation,dosage rate, the atmosphere, energy flux, concentration ofphotoinitiator (when required), and thickness of the coating. Dosagerates of from 0.1 to about 10 megarads, generally below 4 megaradsprovide the desirable curing. Generally, the exposure is quite brief andcuring is completed in less than about 0.1 to 3 seconds. The actualexposure time required to give proper curing for various coatings can bereadily determined by one skilled in the art with a minimum ofexperimentation. Excess curing of the coatings generally should beavoided.

The following examples illustrate the compositions useful in preparingthe controlled adhesion coatings useful in the present invention. Unlessotherwise indicated in the following examples, in the specification, andin the appended claims, all parts and percentages are by weight,temperatures are in degrees centigrade, and pressures are at or nearatmospheric pressure.

    ______________________________________                                                             %/Wt.                                                    ______________________________________                                        Example B-1                                                                   Novacure ® 7100    100                                                    Example B-2                                                                   Novacure ® 7100    90                                                     TMPTA                                                 10                      Example B-3                                                                   Novacure ® 7100    85                                                     TMPTA                                                 10                      HDODA                                                 5                       Example B-4                                                                   Novacure ® 7100    70                                                     TMPTA                                                15                       HDODA                                                15                       Example B-5                                                                   Novacure ® 3600    90                                                     TMPTA                                                 5                       HDODA                                                 5                       Example B-6                                                                   Novacure ® 6700    90                                                     TMPTA                                                          5              HDODA                                                          5              Example B-7                                                                   Novacure ® 7100    78                                                     TMPTA                                                          8              HDODA                                                          8              ODA (mixture of octyl & decylacrylates)                                                                    6                                                Example B-8                                                                   Novacure ® 7100    87                                                     ODA                                                                           ______________________________________                                                               13                                                 

The reinforcing strips of the present invention may have a coating ofadhesive (C) on the other surface of the polymeric backing sheet (A).The amount of adhesive applied to the surface of the polymeric backingsheet may range from about 5 to about 70 grams/m², and more often, theamount is in the range of about 10 to about 50 grams/m². Although anysuitable adhesive may be used including hot melt and pressure-sensitiveadhesives, in one preferred embodiment, the adhesive is apressure-sensitive adhesive. Any adhesive may be used which forms anaggressive adhesive bond to the substrates to which the reinforcingstrip is to be adhered. For example, it is desirable that thepressure-sensitive adhesive form an aggressive adhesive bond to theouter, liquid-impermeable film substrates used in disposable articlessuch as disposable diapers. The pressure-sensitive adhesive should becapable of holding the reinforcing strip tightly to the outer layer of,for example, a diaper, so that when the pressure-sensitive adhesivefastening tape tabs are applied to and adhere to the reinforcing strip,the tabs thereafter can be removed (peeled) from the reinforcing strip(e.g., on the diaper) without removing the reinforcing strip from itssubstrate (e.g., from the diaper).

Pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions are described in, for example,"Adhesion and Bonding", Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering,Vol. 1, pages 476-546, Interscience Publishers, 2nd Ed. 1985, thedisclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Suchcompositions generally contain an adhesive polymer such as natural,reclaimed or styrene butadiene rubber, tackified natural and syntheticrubbers, styrene butadiene or styrene isoprene block copolymers, randomcopolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, ethylene-vinyl-acrylicterpolymers, polyisobutylene, poly(vinyl ether), poly(acrylic) ester,etc., as a major constituent.

The block copolymers employed in the adhesive compositions may bethermoplastic block copolymers having linear, radial or starconfigurations and having the A blocks and B blocks formed into what aregenerally termed as ABA block copolymers. The A block is a monoalkenylarene, mainly polystyrene, having a molecular weight between 4,000 and50,000, preferably between 7,000 and 30,000. The A block content is fromabout 10% to 50%, more preferably between 10% and 30%. Other suitable Ablocks may be formed from alpha-methyl styrene, t-butyl styrene andother ring alkylated styrenes as well as mixtures thereof. B is anelastomeric conjugated diene such as butadiene or isoprene having anaverage molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 500,000,preferably from about 50,000 to 200,000. Preferably, ABA triblock and ABdiblock copolymers will comprise the majority of the block copolymerelastomer of the adhesive, the percent diblock being less than 95% ofthe block copolymer, preferably less than 85%, and more preferably lessthan 75%. Other conventional diene elastomers may be used to a minorextent, but not so as to significantly effect the adhesion properties.The block copolymer is used in an amount ranging from about 30% to 60%by weight, preferably at 35% to 55% by weight of the adhesivecomposition.

Specific examples of ABA-type copolymers of styrene and isoprene areKraton 1107 and Kraton 1117 from Shell Chemical Company. ABA-typecopolymers of styrene-butadiene are available from Firestone under thedesignations Steron 840A and 845A. Other commercially availablecopolymer adhesives include: random copolymer of ethylene and vinylacetate having a melt-flow index of 2500 in a vinyl acetate content of14% by weight (Escorene MVO-2514), available from Exxon Chemical;styrene butadiene block synthetic rubber having a styrene content of 30%by weight (Finaprene 411), available from Fina Chemical Company; randomcopolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate having a melt-flow index of 148and a vinyl acetate content of 18.5% by weight (Elvax 420), availablefrom DuPont; and random copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate having amelt-flow index of 57 and a vinyl acetate content of 40% by weight of anElvax 40W.

Other materials may be included in the adhesive compositions such assolid tackifying resins, liquid tackifiers (often referred to asplasticizers), antioxidants, fillers, pigments, waxes, etc. The adhesivegenerally contains a blend of solid tackifying resin and liquidtackifying resin or liquid plasticizer.

The tackifying resins can be selected from the group of resins at leastpartially compatible with the B blocks of the elastomeric blockcopolymer materials of this invention. Such tackifying resins includethose aliphatic hydrocarbon resins made from the polymerization of afeed stream consisting mainly of unsaturated species containing 4 to 6carbon atoms; rosin esters and rosin acids; mixed aliphatic/aromatictackifying resins; polyterpene tackiflers; and hydrogenated tackifyingresins. The hydrogenated resins can include resins made from thepolymerization and subsequent hydrogenation of a feedstock consistingmostly of dicyclopentadiene; resins produced from the polymerization andsubsequent hydrogenation of pure aromatic feedstocks such as styrene,alphamethylstyrene, vinyl toluene; resins fashioned from thepolymerization and subsequent hydrogenation of an unsaturated aromaticfeedstream wherein the feedstream mainly contains species having from 7to 10 carbon atoms; hydrogenated polyterpene resins; and hydrogenatedaliphatic and aliphaticlaromatic resins. Preferred tackifying resinsinclude the aliphatic hydrocarbon resins and the hydrogenated resins.Especially preferred are the aliphatic hydrocarbon resins. Specificexamples include rosin acids, rosin esters, styrenated terpene resins,oil-soluble phenolics, and polyterpenes. Commercially availabletackifying resins include Escorez 1310 from Exxon Chemical Co., WingtackPlus, Wingtack 10 and Wingtack 95 available from Goodyear Chemical Co.,Hercolyn D from Hercules, Inc., and Zonarez A-25 from Anzona ChemicalCo. The tackifying resin component can comprise the remainder of thefunctional adhesive composition, i.e., from 65% to 45% by weight. If asolid tackifier is employed, generally it will comprise from 25% to 60%by weight of the functional adhesive composition, preferably from 30% to55% by weight. The liquid tackifying resin correspondingly wouldcomprise 0-30% by weight of the functional adhesive composition,preferably from 5% to 20% by weight. Using the preferred level of solidand liquid tackifiers yields adhesives with a better balance of highpeel adhesion values and shear adhesion values with good initial tack.

The liquid plasticizers suitable for use in the adhesive compositions ofthis invention include naphthenic oils, paraffinic oils, aromatic oils,and mineral oils. Preferred plasticizing liquids include naphthenic oilsand slightly aromatic oils. The oils when used are preferably used inthe same relative percentages as the liquid resins in combination withthe solid tackifying resin.

The adhesive preferably is tackified with solid tackifying resin withliquid plasticizer and/or liquid resin of the above-described preferredtypes.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the adhesives may comprisefrom about 35-60% by weight of a synthetic thermoplastic block copolymerrubber as described above, about 30-60% by weight of at least one solidtackifying resin, 0 to about 20% by weight of a liquid tackifying resin,0 to about 20% by weight of liquid extender oil, and a small amount ofan antioxidant.

The following examples illustrate the types of adhesives which can beused in the present invention.

    ______________________________________                                                          Example C-1                                                 Kraton 1107                       50                                          Escorez 1310                     30                                           Wingtack 10                       20                                                                                          Example C-2                   Kraton 1107                            55                                     Wingtack Plus                        40                                       Wingtack 10                             5                                                                                     Example C-3                   Kraton 1107                            43                                     Escorez 1310                           37.5                                   Zonarez A-25                            18.5                                  Irganox 1074 (antioxidant)                                                                            1                                                     ______________________________________                                    

The adhesive strips of the present invention may be prepared in sheetform and thereafter cut into strips of the desired dimensions.Alternatively, the adhesive strips can be prepared in a continuousmanner from a roll of polymer backing material which may be incontinuous strip or continuous sheet form, and if in sheet form,thereafter cut into a continuous strip of desired width. The order inwhich the controlled adhesion coating and the adhesive coating areapplied to the polymer backing sheet is not critical. In one embodiment,the controlled adhesion coating composition is applied to one surface ofthe polymer backing sheet or strip and the adhesive is thereafterapplied to the other surface of the polymer backing sheet or stripfollowed by curing of the controlled adhesion composition. In anotherembodiment, the controlled adhesion coating composition is applied toone surface of the polymer backing sheet or strip and cured. An adhesiveis then applied to the other surface of the controlled-adhesion-coatedbacking sheet. The adhesive may be applied to the controlledadhesion-coated polymer backing sheet or strip soon after the controlledadhesion coating has been cured, or the adhesive can be applied at amuch later time such as just prior to use.

One example of the adhesive strip of the present invention isillustrated in FIG. 1 which is an expanded perspective andcross-sectional view of a roll 18 of adhesive strip 10 of the invention.The strip 10 comprises a polymer backing sheet 12, a controlled adhesioncoating 16 on the upper surface of the backing sheet 12, and a layer ofadhesive 14 bonded to the lower surface of backing sheet 12. Asmentioned above, the adhesive 14 may be, and preferably is, apressure-sensitive adhesive. The adhesive strip can be wound into a roll18 for storage and subsequent use, and the overlying portions of thestrip do not become adhered together in storage as a result of thepresence of the controlled-adhesion coating on the upper surface of thestrip. Thus, the strip can be unwound with minimum difficulty afterstorage. Prior to unwinding the roll, the roll can be cut to form supplyrolls of the desired width such as widths of 4 to 8 or 10 inches.

FIG. 1 also shows adhesive strip 10 as it might be formed into a roll ofthe strip wound directly upon itself. The strip is wound so that theadhesive layer 14 is on the inside. In the roll 18, the substrate 12 andcoating 16 not only serve as a base or support for the adhesive coating,but also as a temporary liner. In each turn of the roll, the controlledadhesion coating 16 temporarily contacts and covers the adhesive surfaceof the overlying turn. The controlled and low adhesion between thecoating 16 and the pressure-sensitive adhesive 14 makes it possible tounwind the tape with a minimum of effort, and when the tape is unwound,there is less pull on the adhesive when it is separated from the rollthereby reducing the forces which could otherwise cause delamination ofthe tape structure and/or tearing of the tape. The degree of adhesionbetween the adhesive layer 14 and the coating 16 in the roll issufficient to maintain the wound tape in place and prevent spontaneousseparation of the turns of the roll.

In one example of the process whereby a self-wound roll ofcontrolled-adhesion tape is manufactured, a long sheet of polyethylenein roll form is unwound, drawn through a gravure coater which appliesthe uncured (i.e., liquid) controlled-adhesion coating to one sidethereof. The coated polyethylene sheet is passed through a chamberwherein it is subjected to a source of (ionizing or nonionizing)radiation which cures the liquid coating. The inside of the chamberthrough which the sheet passes may be inerted with non-oxygen-containinggas such as nitrogen or argon so as to prevent premature cessation ofthe curing process and thereby promote more thorough curing of thecoating. The long sheet is then drawn out of the curing chamber andthrough a (slot die) hot melt adhesive applicator which coats thenon-controlled-adhesion side of the sheet with a (continuous orpatterned) layer of normally tacky pressure-sensitive adhesive. Thecoatweight of the adhesive is ordinarily between 10 and 50 grams persquare meter. After adhesive application, the long coated sheet isrewound into the form of a self-wound roll with the adhesive-coated sidewound inward. In a separate operation the large roll of self-wound tapemay be slit into a multiplicity of smaller and more narrow rolls.

The following examples illustrate the controlled adhesive strips of thepresent invention.

EXAMPLE A

(A) Backing sheet: polyethylene

(B) Controlled adhesion coating: Example B-5

(C) Adhesive: Styrene-butadiene copolymer

EXAMPLE B

(A) Backing sheet: biaxially oriented polypropylene film

(B) Controlled adhesion coating: Example B-3

(C) Adhesive: a styrene-isoprene copolymer block-type adhesive (ExampleC-2)

The adhesive strips of the present invention are useful in particular astarget strips to reinforce and strengthen specific areas or portions ofarticles and garments such as disposable diapers which utilize fasteningtapes containing pressure-sensitive adhesives.

In one embodiment, an article of the present invention comprises

(A) a liquid-impermeable film substrate;

(B) a peel-resistant target strip having one surface thereof bonded tothe film substrate, and on the other surface, a controlled adhesioncoating of a radiation-cured mixture comprising

(B-1) a major amount of at least one oligomer selected from amineacrylate oligomers, epoxy acrylate oligomers, urethane acrylateoligomers, and acrylic acrylate oligomers, and

(B-2) a minor amount of at least one monomer selected frommonofunctional acrylate monomers and polyfunctional acrylate monomers;and

(C) at least one pressure-sensitive adhesive fastening tape tab attachedto the film substrate (A) in an area of the substrate removed from thetarget strip whereby the fastening tape tab may be adhered to the targetstrip to hold the article in a desired position by hand-pressure and maybe removed and reapplied without distortion or tearing of the strip orthe liquid-impermeable film substrate.

The liquid-impermeable film substrate (A) of the article may be anyliquid-impermeable film substrate. When the substrate is a disposablediaper, the film substrate is the outer layer of the disposable diaperwhich generally will be a thermoplastic polymer film such as polyolefinfilms, polyester films, etc., preferably with a matte or embossedsurface. Polyethylenes and polypropylene are examples of polyolefinsthat can be used to prepare the liquid-impermeable films.

The peel-resistant target strip which is present in the articlecomprises a polymer backing sheet having one surface thereof bonded tothe film substrate, and the other surface coated with a controlledadhesion coating of the radiation-cured mixtures described above. Thetarget strip may be bonded to the film substrate by any means known tothose skilled in the art such as with adhesives. In a preferredembodiment, the adhesive strip of the present invention which has beendescribed in detail above is utilized as the target strip. In thisembodiment, the adhesive strip is cut to the desired dimensions andapplied to the film substrate with heat or pressure. In those instanceswhere the adhesive on the adhesive strip is protected with a releasableliner, the liner is removed, and the adhesive side of the strip isbrought into contact with the film substrate and bonded thereto. Thetarget strip defines an area (often referred to as "landing zone") ofreinforced strength which provides a target or landing for the adhesivefastening tape tabs used to close or shape various articles such asdiapers and forms a secure closure. The fastening tape tabs can berepeatedly peeled from the target strips without distorting or tearingthe target strip or the liquid-impermeable film substrate of thearticle.

In one preferred embodiment, the articles of the present inventioncomprise disposable garments such as disposable diapers wherein theadhesive strips of the present invention are used to reinforce selectedareas. In particular, the adhesive strips are applied to the selectedportions of the outer shell to serve as target strips or landing zonesfor receiving the adhesive fastening tape tabs. The adhesive stripsbecome bonded to the liquid-impermeable film of the outer layer of thediaper in a peel-resistant manner such that the fastening tape tabs maystrongly adhere to the target strips by simple hand-pressure, and theadhesion between the fastening strip tabs and the target area maintainedfor an extended period. However, the adhesion between the fastening tapeand the target strip is not so great that the fastening tape tabs cannotbe removed and reapplied without distortion or tearing of theliquid-impermeable film or the target strip.

The utility of the adhesive reinforcing strips of the present inventionin disposable articles such as diapers is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3.FIG. 2 illustrates a disposable diaper of the invention 20 having agenerally "hour-glass" or I-shape with a central narrowed crotch section32 and waistband sections 34. The diaper is shown laid flat with theouter water-impermeable layer 22 facing up. A target strip is shownattached to the outer layer 22. The diaper 20 also containspressure-sensitive adhesive fastening tape tabs 28 withpressure-sensitive adhesive 30 which are used to fit the diapers to thewearer by adhering tabs 30 to the controlled adhesion coating 16 oftarget strip 10. The diaper illustrated in FIG. 2 also contains elasticmeans 36 which are typically secured in place adjacent to the absorbentbatt on each side thereof to develop gathered elastic leg portions 38which are comfortable when in contact with an infant's legs (FIG. 3).

FIG. 3 is a view of the diaper 20 of FIG. 2 in a closed position inwhich the pressure-sensitive adhesive fastening tape tabs 28 are adheredto the controlled adhesion coating 16 on the target strip 10 which isadhered to the outer layer 22 of the diaper.

While the invention has been explained in relation to its preferredembodiments, it is to be understood that various modifications thereofwill become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading thespecification. Therefore, it is to be understood that the inventiondisclosed herein is intended to cover such modifications as fall withinthe scope of the appended claims.

We claim:
 1. An adhesive strip comprising(A) a polymer backing sheetmaterial; (B) a controlled-adhesion coating on one surface of said sheetmaterial, said coating comprising a radiation-cured mixturecomprising(B-1) from about 70% to about 95% by weight of amine acrylateoligomer, and (B-2) from about 5% to about 30% by weight of at least onemonomerselected from monofunctional acrylate monomers or polyfunctionalacrylate monomers, and (C) an adhesive on the other side of said sheetmaterial.
 2. The strip of claim 1 wherein the backing sheet material isformed from a thermoplastic material.
 3. The strip of claim 1 whereinthe backing sheet material is formed from a thermoplastic materialselected from polyesters or polyolefins.
 4. The strip of claim 3 whereinthe backing sheet material is a polyolefin selected from polypropylene,polyethylene, or mixtures of polyethylene and polypropylene.
 5. Thestrip of claim 1 wherein the thickness of the backing sheet material isbetween about 10 and 75 micrometers.
 6. The strip of claim 1 wherein theadhesive (C) is a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
 7. The strip of claim 1wherein the amine acrylate oligomer of (B-1) is characterized by amolecular weight of up to
 6000. 8. A pressure-sensitive adhesive stripcomprising(A) a thermoplastic polymeric backing sheet material; (B) acontrolled adhesion coating on one surface of said sheet material, saidcoating comprising a radiation-cured mixture comprising(B-1) from about60% to 95% by weight of an amine acrylate oligomer having a molecularweight of up to about 2000, and (B-2) from about 5% to 40% by weight ofat least one monomer selected from acylated or methacrylated mono- orpolyhydroxy compounds; and (C) a pressure-sensitive adhesive on theother surface of said sheet material.
 9. The pressure-sensitive strip ofclaim 8 wherein the thermoplastic backing sheet is a polyester orpolyolefin sheet.